質問のタイトルに記載されている変数の拡張に加えて、インラインデータを...として読み取るときにデータにバックティックが含まれていると、<<EOL
別の心配な問題が発生しました。`、エラーが発生します。
どちらも代替の質問ですが、関連するオプションは何で、どこにありますか? ...(インライン読み取りが異なる動作をするのはなぜですか?)
これはスクリプトです。
#!/bin/bash
echo '==$BASH' | \
while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 1: $line" ;done
echo '==$BASH'>junk
while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 2: $line" ;done <junk
while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 3: $line" ;done <<EOL
==$BASH
EOL
while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 4: $line" ;done <<EOL
`my backtick test
EOL
これが出力です
# output 1: ==$BASH
# output 2: ==$BASH
# output 3: ==/bin/bash
...: bad substitution: no closing "`" in `my backtick test
ベストアンサー1
シェル拡張はDocumentation Hereの主な利点の1つです。良いニュースは、この機能をオフにできることです。
努力する:
while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 3: $line" ;done <<'EOL'
==$BASH
EOL
while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 4: $line" ;done <<'EOL'
`my backtick test
EOL
詳細については、次を参照してください。
> info bash
<...>
3.6.6 Here Documents
--------------------
This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only WORD (with no trailing
blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
as the standard input for a command.
The format of here-documents is:
<<[-]WORD
HERE-DOCUMENT
DELIMITER
No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
or filename expansion is performed on WORD. If any characters in WORD
are quoted, the DELIMITER is the result of quote removal on WORD, and
the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If WORD is unquoted,
all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion,
command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case,
the character sequence `\newline' is ignored, and `\' must be used to
quote the characters `\', `$', and ``'.
If the redirection operator is `<<-', then all leading tab
characters are stripped from input lines and the line containing
DELIMITER. This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be
indented in a natural fashion.