私が実行した場合（sudoを使用して）
sudo find / -xdev -type f ! -path '/home/blueray/*' ! -path '/timeshift/*' > log.txt
何の問題もなくうまくいきます。
ただし、sudoなしで同じコマンドを実行すると、コンソールでいくつかのエラーが発生します。検索結果log.txtが正しい（問題なし）。しかし、エラーメッセージを理解していません。
% find / -xdev -type f ! -path '/home/blueray/*' ! -path '/timeshift/*' > log.txt
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/etc/ssl/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/log/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/log/speech-dispatcher’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/spool/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/spool/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/spool/cron/crontabs’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/apt/lists/partial’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/colord/.cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/AccountsService/users’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/bluetooth/5C:F3:70:93:BD:85’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/lightdm-data/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/polkit-1’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/udisks2’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/NetworkManager’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/tor’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/apparmor/26b63962.0’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/lightdm/dmrc’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/ldconfig’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-tor@default.service-frAbZe’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-systemd-logind.service-EWXwaj’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-ModemManager.service-0wY2Hh’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-colord.service-HLWVQf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-upower.service-ecD4ii’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-systemd-resolved.service-Qxjpij’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-systemd-timesyncd.service-Kf61Zi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/root’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/boot/efi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt/secrets’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ssl/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/log/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/log/speech-dispatcher’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/spool/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/spool/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/spool/cron/crontabs’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/apt/lists/partial’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/colord/.cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/AccountsService/users’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/portables’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/libvirt/qemu’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/machines’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/bluetooth/5C:F3:70:93:BD:85’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/lightdm-data/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/polkit-1’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/udisks2’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/NetworkManager’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/tor’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/fwupd/gnupg’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/apt/archives/partial’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/apparmor/26b63962.0’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/lightdm/dmrc’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/ldconfig’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-ModemManager.service-G72K7i’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-colord.service-2B8Ofg’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-tor@default.service-TaP1xi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-logind.service-rnYjPi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-timesyncd.service-U7G6Lf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-resolved.service-ABf5Xe’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-upower.service-WW9yYi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/root’: Permission denied
find: ‘/lost+found’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-upower.service-F7Rtjf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-tor@default.service-nYCXFi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-colord.service-qGi0sf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-logind.service-FhyyUh’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-resolved.service-luOB7f’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-ModemManager.service-d1MZ7g’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-timesyncd.service-79KkRe’: Permission denied
findコマンドで使用したのに、find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/....’: Permission deniedなぜこのように表示されますか？! -path '/timeshift/*'私の常識によると、findコマンドは検索から除外されたディレクトリの権限を気にする必要はありません。
それでは、正確に何が起こっているのか、sudoを使用せずにこれらのエラーメッセージを削除する方法は何ですか？私の言葉は、findコマンドに「除外後の検索」またはそれに類似することを意味する位置引数があるということです。
ベストアンサー1
を使用すると、-path現在のパス名がパターンと一致するかどうかをテストし、それを除外または処理し続けることができます。findサブディレクトリに入るのをやめません。
検索ツリーをクリーンアップするには（検索からディレクトリを削除する）を使用します-prune。
find / -xdev \
\( -path '/home/blueray' -o -path '/timeshift' \) -prune -o \
-type f -print
これにより、両方のテストのいずれかに一致するパスが切り捨てられ、通常の-pathファイルに対応する他のすべてのパス名が出力されます。切り捨てられたパスは入力されていないため、上記のfindコマンド/home/bluerayまたは下のすべての項目は/timeshift考慮されませんfind。