簡単なテスト結果によれば、私のハードドライブにいくつかのエラーがありましたsmartctl（下記参照）。
その後、プライバシーのために、まずディスクのデータをゼロにします。
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc1 bs=1M
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc2 bs=1M
その後、1つの大きなパーティションに再分割し、xfs_repiarを使用してエラーを修正しようとしました。sudo xfs_repair /dev/sdcしかし、最終的には次のように印刷されました。
Sorry, could not find valid secondary superblock
Exiting now.
その後、以下を実行しましたsudo smartctl -t short /dev/sdc。
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-5.17.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Wed Jan 25 19:17:48 2023
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
[hc@hclinux22 src]$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdc
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-5.17.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: ST2000DM008-2FR102
Serial Number: [masked off]
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0bf3bfc3b
Firmware Version: 0001
User Capacity: 2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Wed Jan 25 19:16:53 2023 HKT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 249) Self-test routine in progress...
90% of test remaining.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 198) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x30a5) SCT Status supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 100 053 006 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 098 097 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 688
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 099 099 010 Pre-fail Always - 2720
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 079 060 045 Pre-fail Always - 86398239
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1741 (180 187 0)
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 688
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 4501
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 099 000 Old_age Always - 12885098499
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 066 059 040 Old_age Always - 34 (Min/Max 20/34)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 24
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 079 079 000 Old_age Always - 42048
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 034 041 000 Old_age Always - 34 (0 17 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 100 064 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 098 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 1272 (103 165 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 8760463243
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 22589260799
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 4501 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 4501 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1727 hours (71 days + 23 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 53 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:29.788 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:29.778 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 01:38:29.752 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:29.750 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:29.737 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 4500 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1727 hours (71 days + 23 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 53 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:29.638 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:29.628 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 01:38:29.602 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:29.600 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:29.588 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 4499 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1727 hours (71 days + 23 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 53 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:29.481 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 00 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:27.087 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 00 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:23.902 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:23.008 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 40 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:23.008 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 4498 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1727 hours (71 days + 23 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 53 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.746 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:13.728 FLUSH CACHE EXT
61 00 78 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.725 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 c0 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.724 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 01:38:13.715 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
Error 4497 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1727 hours (71 days + 23 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 53 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.519 READ FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 c0 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.519 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 40 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.519 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 d0 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.519 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 40 ff ff ff 4f 00 01:38:13.518 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Self-test routine in progress 90% 1741 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1739 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1737 -
# 4 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1709 3894432032
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
以前のエラーがまだ存在します。
エラーは「ログ」に残りますが、修正されたかどうかを確認できますか？
上記のエラーが存在する場合は、どのように修正して確認できますか？ドライブには興味がありませんが、エラーを修正できることを確認したら、ディスクが「信頼できる」状態のままであることを確認したいと思います。
ありがとうございます！
===========================
修正する:
$ sudo parted /dev/sdc unit MiB print
Model: ATA ST2000DM008-2FR1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 1907729MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1.00MiB 1907729MiB 1907728MiB xfs
はい、sdc1とsdc2を削除してパーティションを再分割したときに、そのパーティションのxfsを作成しました。
$ ll /dev/sdc2
ls: cannot access /dev/sdc2: No such file or directory
$ ll /dev/sdc1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 33 Jan 25 19:46 /dev/sdc1
ベストアンサー1
とりわけ、ここにはある種のハードウェアバグがあります。すべてのケーブルが所定の位置にあることを確認してください（USBの場合、ポートはドライブに十分な電力を供給しています）。
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 099 000 Old_age Always - 12885098499
次に、ディスクに障害が発生した領域があり（現在正常に）、セクタをスペア領域に再マッピングしています。しかし、遅かれ早かれ、予備セクタが不足し、データにエラーが現れ始めます。
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 099 099 010 Pre-fail Always - 2720
それでは、答えで何をしたのか見てみましょう。
/dev/sdc1ディスクの最初のパーティションのすべてのエントリを削除しました。/dev/sdc2ディスクの2番目のパーティションのすべてのエントリを削除しました。- パーティションにはありませんが、ディスク全体を占有するXFSファイルシステムを修復してみてください。
/dev/sdc
パーティション1と2のデータを削除した場合、アクセスできないデータはありません。ただし、パーティションテーブルがある場合、そのパーティションテーブルの外側のディスクにファイルシステム（XFSなど）がある可能性はほとんどありません。おそらく、すでにデータを削除し、回復するファイルシステムがないか/dev/sdc3。
更新された質問では、パーティションテーブルには1つのパーティションしか表示されません/dev/sdc1。表示された内容が正しい場合は - beforeという大きなファイルをdd作成したこと/dev/sdc2を意味し、ファイルサイズに制限がないため、パーティションがいっぱいに/devなったので、ddこのエラーを報告する必要があります。ls -l /dev/sdc2ファイルかデバイスかを確認するために使用されます。そして、ファイルの場合はdeleteを使用してくださいrm /dev/sdc2。
一方、/dev/sdc2デバイスとしてリストされているか欠落している場合、表示されるパーティションテーブルは質問の残りの部分で説明されているパーティションテーブルではありません。