Debian 11で（BashからSSHを介して）すべてのロケール（文字エンコーディング）を有効にする方法は？

次のように尋ねるのが良いかどうかわかりません。

LinuxでWindows UTF-16エンコーディングを表示するには？

WindowsがUTF-16LEを正確に使用しているという事実を発見したばかりです。

https://stackoverflow.com/q/66072117/1997354

私はSSH経由で接続されたヘッドレスサーバーでDebian 11（bullseye）を実行しています。 Win10を含むNTFSでフォーマットされたSATAハードドライブからファイルを頻繁にコピーします。しかし、私はどんな文書を見ましたか？にもかかわらず、またはどのように言うのか、例えば今日私は偶然次のようなものを見つけました。

KÃ_¼ndigung.pdf実際にはKündigung.pdf（ここから質問が削除されました。）。

'Ledové ostÅ'$'\302\231''í 1.avi'私が推測しているもう一つの例はチェコ語Ledové ostří.aviまたはおそらくLedově ostří.avi。

ls 'Ledové ostÅ'$'\302\231''í 1.avi' | hexdump -C
00000000  4c 65 64 6f 76 c3 83 c2  a9 20 6f 73 74 c3 85 c2  |Ledov.... ost...|
00000010  99 c3 83 c2 ad 20 31 2e  61 76 69 0a              |..... 1.avi.|
0000001c

どういうわけかすべてのロケールを正しく表示し、印刷可能/可能なすべての文字をコピーできますか？

以下を試しましたが、良い結果はありませんでした。この目標を達成するために一日中無駄に努力しました。

助けてくれてありがとう。

apt-cache policy locales-all
locales-all:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.31-13+deb11u5
  Version table:
     2.31-13+deb11u5 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates/main amd64 Packages

〜の後

apt-get install locales-all
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  locales-all
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 10.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 227 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main amd64 locales-all amd64 2.31-13+deb11u5 [10.8 MB]
Fetched 10.8 MB in 2s (5,539 kB/s)      
Selecting previously unselected package locales-all.
(Reading database ... 209758 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../locales-all_2.31-13+deb11u5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking locales-all (2.31-13+deb11u5) ...
Setting up locales-all (2.31-13+deb11u5) ...

update-locale

dpkg-reconfigure locales

すべて選択してください。

update-locale

locale-gen all

Generating locales (this might take a while)...
  aa_DJ.UTF-8... done
  aa_DJ.ISO-8859-1... done
  aa_ER.UTF-8... done
  aa_ER.UTF-8@saaho... done
  aa_ET.UTF-8... done
  af_ZA.UTF-8... done
  af_ZA.ISO-8859-1... done
  agr_PE.UTF-8... done
  ak_GH.UTF-8... done
  am_ET.UTF-8... done
  an_ES.UTF-8... done
  an_ES.ISO-8859-15... done
  anp_IN.UTF-8... done
  ar_AE.UTF-8... done
  ar_AE.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_BH.UTF-8... done
  ar_BH.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_DZ.UTF-8... done
  ar_DZ.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_EG.UTF-8... done
  ar_EG.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_IN.UTF-8... done
  ar_IQ.UTF-8... done
  ar_IQ.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_JO.UTF-8... done
  ar_JO.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_KW.UTF-8... done
  ar_KW.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_LB.UTF-8... done
  ar_LB.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_LY.UTF-8... done
  ar_LY.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_MA.UTF-8... done
  ar_MA.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_OM.UTF-8... done
  ar_OM.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_QA.UTF-8... done
  ar_QA.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_SA.UTF-8... done
  ar_SA.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_SD.UTF-8... done
  ar_SD.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_SS.UTF-8... done
  ar_SY.UTF-8... done
  ar_SY.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_TN.UTF-8... done
  ar_TN.ISO-8859-6... done
  ar_YE.UTF-8... done
  ar_YE.ISO-8859-6... done
  ayc_PE.UTF-8... done
  az_AZ.UTF-8... done
  az_IR.UTF-8... done
  as_IN.UTF-8... done
  ast_ES.UTF-8... done
  ast_ES.ISO-8859-15... done
  be_BY.UTF-8... done
  be_BY.CP1251... done
  be_BY.UTF-8@latin... done
  bem_ZM.UTF-8... done
  ber_DZ.UTF-8... done
  ber_MA.UTF-8... done
  bg_BG.UTF-8... done
  bg_BG.CP1251... done
  bhb_IN.UTF-8... done
  bho_IN.UTF-8... done
  bho_NP.UTF-8... done
  bi_VU.UTF-8... done
  bn_BD.UTF-8... done
  bn_IN.UTF-8... done
  bo_CN.UTF-8... done
  bo_IN.UTF-8... done
  br_FR.UTF-8... done
  br_FR.ISO-8859-1... done
  br_FR.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  brx_IN.UTF-8... done
  bs_BA.UTF-8... done
  bs_BA.ISO-8859-2... done
  byn_ER.UTF-8... done
  ca_AD.UTF-8... done
  ca_AD.ISO-8859-15... done
  ca_ES.UTF-8... done
  ca_ES.ISO-8859-1... done
  ca_ES.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  ca_ES.UTF-8@valencia... done
  ca_FR.UTF-8... done
  ca_FR.ISO-8859-15... done
  ca_IT.UTF-8... done
  ca_IT.ISO-8859-15... done
  ce_RU.UTF-8... done
  chr_US.UTF-8... done
  cmn_TW.UTF-8... done
  crh_UA.UTF-8... done
  cs_CZ.UTF-8... done
  cs_CZ.ISO-8859-2... done
  csb_PL.UTF-8... done
  cv_RU.UTF-8... done
  cy_GB.UTF-8... done
  cy_GB.ISO-8859-14... done
  da_DK.UTF-8... done
  da_DK.ISO-8859-1... done
  de_AT.UTF-8... done
  de_AT.ISO-8859-1... done
  de_AT.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  de_BE.UTF-8... done
  de_BE.ISO-8859-1... done
  de_BE.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  de_CH.UTF-8... done
  de_CH.ISO-8859-1... done
  de_DE.UTF-8... done
  de_DE.ISO-8859-1... done
  de_DE.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  de_IT.UTF-8... done
  de_IT.ISO-8859-1... done
  de_LI.UTF-8... done
  de_LU.UTF-8... done
  de_LU.ISO-8859-1... done
  de_LU.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  doi_IN.UTF-8... done
  dsb_DE.UTF-8... done
  dv_MV.UTF-8... done
  dz_BT.UTF-8... done
  el_GR.UTF-8... done
  el_GR.ISO-8859-7... done
  el_GR.ISO-8859-7@euro... done
  el_CY.UTF-8... done
  el_CY.ISO-8859-7... done
  en_AG.UTF-8... done
  en_AU.UTF-8... done
  en_AU.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_BW.UTF-8... done
  en_BW.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_CA.UTF-8... done
  en_CA.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_DK.UTF-8... done
  en_DK.ISO-8859-15... done
  en_DK.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_GB.UTF-8... done
  en_GB.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_GB.ISO-8859-15... done
  en_HK.UTF-8... done
  en_HK.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_IE.UTF-8... done
  en_IE.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_IE.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  en_IL.UTF-8... done
  en_IN.UTF-8... done
  en_NG.UTF-8... done
  en_NZ.UTF-8... done
  en_NZ.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_PH.UTF-8... done
  en_PH.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_SC.UTF-8... done
  en_SG.UTF-8... done
  en_SG.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_US.UTF-8... done
  en_US.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_US.ISO-8859-15... done
  en_ZA.UTF-8... done
  en_ZA.ISO-8859-1... done
  en_ZM.UTF-8... done
  en_ZW.UTF-8... done
  en_ZW.ISO-8859-1... done
  eo.UTF-8... done
  es_AR.UTF-8... done
  es_AR.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_BO.UTF-8... done
  es_BO.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_CL.UTF-8... done
  es_CL.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_CO.UTF-8... done
  es_CO.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_CR.UTF-8... done
  es_CR.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_CU.UTF-8... done
  es_DO.UTF-8... done
  es_DO.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_EC.UTF-8... done
  es_EC.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_ES.UTF-8... done
  es_ES.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_ES.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  es_GT.UTF-8... done
  es_GT.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_HN.UTF-8... done
  es_HN.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_MX.UTF-8... done
  es_MX.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_NI.UTF-8... done
  es_NI.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_PA.UTF-8... done
  es_PA.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_PE.UTF-8... done
  es_PE.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_PR.UTF-8... done
  es_PR.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_PY.UTF-8... done
  es_PY.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_SV.UTF-8... done
  es_SV.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_US.UTF-8... done
  es_US.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_UY.UTF-8... done
  es_UY.ISO-8859-1... done
  es_VE.UTF-8... done
  es_VE.ISO-8859-1... done
  et_EE.UTF-8... done
  et_EE.ISO-8859-1... done
  et_EE.ISO-8859-15... done
  eu_ES.UTF-8... done
  eu_ES.ISO-8859-1... done
  eu_ES.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  eu_FR.UTF-8... done
  eu_FR.ISO-8859-1... done
  eu_FR.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  fa_IR.UTF-8... done
  ff_SN.UTF-8... done
  fi_FI.UTF-8... done
  fi_FI.ISO-8859-1... done
  fi_FI.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  fil_PH.UTF-8... done
  fo_FO.UTF-8... done
  fo_FO.ISO-8859-1... done
  fr_BE.UTF-8... done
  fr_BE.ISO-8859-1... done
  fr_BE.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  fr_CA.UTF-8... done
  fr_CA.ISO-8859-1... done
  fr_CH.UTF-8... done
  fr_CH.ISO-8859-1... done
  fr_FR.UTF-8... done
  fr_FR.ISO-8859-1... done
  fr_FR.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  fr_LU.UTF-8... done
  fr_LU.ISO-8859-1... done
  fr_LU.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  fur_IT.UTF-8... done
  fy_NL.UTF-8... done
  fy_DE.UTF-8... done
  ga_IE.UTF-8... done
  ga_IE.ISO-8859-1... done
  ga_IE.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  gd_GB.UTF-8... done
  gd_GB.ISO-8859-15... done
  gez_ER.UTF-8... done
  gez_ER.UTF-8@abegede... done
  gez_ET.UTF-8... done
  gez_ET.UTF-8@abegede... done
  gl_ES.UTF-8... done
  gl_ES.ISO-8859-1... done
  gl_ES.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  gu_IN.UTF-8... done
  gv_GB.UTF-8... done
  gv_GB.ISO-8859-1... done
  ha_NG.UTF-8... done
  hak_TW.UTF-8... done
  he_IL.UTF-8... done
  he_IL.ISO-8859-8... done
  hi_IN.UTF-8... done
  hif_FJ.UTF-8... done
  hne_IN.UTF-8... done
  hr_HR.UTF-8... done
  hr_HR.ISO-8859-2... done
  hsb_DE.UTF-8... done
  hsb_DE.ISO-8859-2... done
  ht_HT.UTF-8... done
  hu_HU.UTF-8... done
  hu_HU.ISO-8859-2... done
  hy_AM.UTF-8... done
  hy_AM.ARMSCII-8... done
  ia_FR.UTF-8... done
  id_ID.UTF-8... done
  id_ID.ISO-8859-1... done
  ig_NG.UTF-8... done
  ik_CA.UTF-8... done
  is_IS.UTF-8... done
  is_IS.ISO-8859-1... done
  it_CH.UTF-8... done
  it_CH.ISO-8859-1... done
  it_IT.UTF-8... done
  it_IT.ISO-8859-1... done
  it_IT.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  iu_CA.UTF-8... done
  ja_JP.UTF-8... done
  ja_JP.EUC-JP... done
  ka_GE.UTF-8... done
  ka_GE.GEORGIAN-PS... done
  kab_DZ.UTF-8... done
  kk_KZ.UTF-8... done
  kk_KZ.PT154... done
  kk_KZ.RK1048... done
  kl_GL.UTF-8... done
  kl_GL.ISO-8859-1... done
  km_KH.UTF-8... done
  kn_IN.UTF-8... done
  ko_KR.UTF-8... done
  ko_KR.EUC-KR... done
  kok_IN.UTF-8... done
  ks_IN.UTF-8... done
  ks_IN.UTF-8@devanagari... done
  ku_TR.UTF-8... done
  ku_TR.ISO-8859-9... done
  kw_GB.UTF-8... done
  kw_GB.ISO-8859-1... done
  ky_KG.UTF-8... done
  lb_LU.UTF-8... done
  lg_UG.UTF-8... done
  lg_UG.ISO-8859-10... done
  li_BE.UTF-8... done
  li_NL.UTF-8... done
  lij_IT.UTF-8... done
  ln_CD.UTF-8... done
  lo_LA.UTF-8... done
  lt_LT.UTF-8... done
  lt_LT.ISO-8859-13... done
  lv_LV.UTF-8... done
  lv_LV.ISO-8859-13... done
  lzh_TW.UTF-8... done
  mag_IN.UTF-8... done
  mai_IN.UTF-8... done
  mai_NP.UTF-8... done
  mfe_MU.UTF-8... done
  mg_MG.UTF-8... done
  mg_MG.ISO-8859-15... done
  mhr_RU.UTF-8... done
  mi_NZ.UTF-8... done
  mi_NZ.ISO-8859-13... done
  miq_NI.UTF-8... done
  mjw_IN.UTF-8... done
  mk_MK.UTF-8... done
  mk_MK.ISO-8859-5... done
  ml_IN.UTF-8... done
  mn_MN.UTF-8... done
  mni_IN.UTF-8... done
  mnw_MM.UTF-8... done
  mr_IN.UTF-8... done
  ms_MY.UTF-8... done
  ms_MY.ISO-8859-1... done
  mt_MT.UTF-8... done
  mt_MT.ISO-8859-3... done
  my_MM.UTF-8... done
  nan_TW.UTF-8... done
  nan_TW.UTF-8@latin... done
  nb_NO.UTF-8... done
  nb_NO.ISO-8859-1... done
  nds_DE.UTF-8... done
  nds_NL.UTF-8... done
  ne_NP.UTF-8... done
  nhn_MX.UTF-8... done
  niu_NU.UTF-8... done
  niu_NZ.UTF-8... done
  nl_AW.UTF-8... done
  nl_BE.UTF-8... done
  nl_BE.ISO-8859-1... done
  nl_BE.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  nl_NL.UTF-8... done
  nl_NL.ISO-8859-1... done
  nl_NL.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  nn_NO.UTF-8... done
  nn_NO.ISO-8859-1... done
  nr_ZA.UTF-8... done
  nso_ZA.UTF-8... done
  oc_FR.UTF-8... done
  oc_FR.ISO-8859-1... done
  om_ET.UTF-8... done
  om_KE.UTF-8... done
  om_KE.ISO-8859-1... done
  or_IN.UTF-8... done
  os_RU.UTF-8... done
  pa_IN.UTF-8... done
  pa_PK.UTF-8... done
  pap_AW.UTF-8... done
  pap_CW.UTF-8... done
  pl_PL.UTF-8... done
  pl_PL.ISO-8859-2... done
  ps_AF.UTF-8... done
  pt_BR.UTF-8... done
  pt_BR.ISO-8859-1... done
  pt_PT.UTF-8... done
  pt_PT.ISO-8859-1... done
  pt_PT.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  quz_PE.UTF-8... done
  raj_IN.UTF-8... done
  ro_RO.UTF-8... done
  ro_RO.ISO-8859-2... done
  ru_RU.UTF-8... done
  ru_RU.KOI8-R... done
  ru_RU.ISO-8859-5... done
  ru_RU.CP1251... done
  ru_UA.UTF-8... done
  ru_UA.KOI8-U... done
  rw_RW.UTF-8... done
  sa_IN.UTF-8... done
  sah_RU.UTF-8... done
  sat_IN.UTF-8... done
  sc_IT.UTF-8... done
  sd_IN.UTF-8... done
  sd_IN.UTF-8@devanagari... done
  se_NO.UTF-8... done
  sgs_LT.UTF-8... done
  shn_MM.UTF-8... done
  shs_CA.UTF-8... done
  si_LK.UTF-8... done
  sid_ET.UTF-8... done
  sk_SK.UTF-8... done
  sk_SK.ISO-8859-2... done
  sl_SI.UTF-8... done
  sl_SI.ISO-8859-2... done
  sm_WS.UTF-8... done
  so_DJ.UTF-8... done
  so_DJ.ISO-8859-1... done
  so_ET.UTF-8... done
  so_KE.UTF-8... done
  so_KE.ISO-8859-1... done
  so_SO.UTF-8... done
  so_SO.ISO-8859-1... done
  sq_AL.UTF-8... done
  sq_AL.ISO-8859-1... done
  sq_MK.UTF-8... done
  sr_ME.UTF-8... done
  sr_RS.UTF-8... done
  sr_RS.UTF-8@latin... done
  ss_ZA.UTF-8... done
  st_ZA.UTF-8... done
  st_ZA.ISO-8859-1... done
  sv_FI.UTF-8... done
  sv_FI.ISO-8859-1... done
  sv_FI.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  sv_SE.UTF-8... done
  sv_SE.ISO-8859-1... done
  sv_SE.ISO-8859-15... done
  sw_KE.UTF-8... done
  sw_TZ.UTF-8... done
  szl_PL.UTF-8... done
  ta_IN.UTF-8... done
  ta_LK.UTF-8... done
  tcy_IN.UTF-8... done
  te_IN.UTF-8... done
  tg_TJ.UTF-8... done
  tg_TJ.KOI8-T... done
  th_TH.UTF-8... done
  th_TH.TIS-620... done
  the_NP.UTF-8... done
  ti_ER.UTF-8... done
  ti_ET.UTF-8... done
  tig_ER.UTF-8... done
  tk_TM.UTF-8... done
  tl_PH.UTF-8... done
  tl_PH.ISO-8859-1... done
  tn_ZA.UTF-8... done
  to_TO.UTF-8... done
  tpi_PG.UTF-8... done
  tr_CY.UTF-8... done
  tr_CY.ISO-8859-9... done
  tr_TR.UTF-8... done
  tr_TR.ISO-8859-9... done
  ts_ZA.UTF-8... done
  tt_RU.UTF-8... done
  tt_RU.UTF-8@iqtelif... done
  ug_CN.UTF-8... done
  uk_UA.UTF-8... done
  uk_UA.KOI8-U... done
  unm_US.UTF-8... done
  ur_IN.UTF-8... done
  ur_PK.UTF-8... done
  uz_UZ.UTF-8... done
  uz_UZ.ISO-8859-1... done
  uz_UZ.UTF-8@cyrillic... done
  ve_ZA.UTF-8... done
  vi_VN.UTF-8... done
  wa_BE.UTF-8... done
  wa_BE.ISO-8859-1... done
  wa_BE.ISO-8859-15@euro... done
  wae_CH.UTF-8... done
  wal_ET.UTF-8... done
  wo_SN.UTF-8... done
  xh_ZA.UTF-8... done
  xh_ZA.ISO-8859-1... done
  yi_US.UTF-8... done
  yi_US.CP1255... done
  yo_NG.UTF-8... done
  yue_HK.UTF-8... done
  yuw_PG.UTF-8... done
  zh_CN.UTF-8... done
  zh_CN.GB18030... done
  zh_CN.GBK... done
  zh_CN.GB2312... done
  zh_HK.UTF-8... done
  zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS... done
  zh_SG.UTF-8... done
  zh_SG.GBK... done
  zh_SG.GB2312... done
  zh_TW.UTF-8... done
  zh_TW.EUC-TW... done
  zh_TW.BIG5... done
  zu_ZA.UTF-8... done
  zu_ZA.ISO-8859-1... done
Generation complete.

サーバーを再起動しても、

しかし、問題はまだ存在します。改善されていません。

たとえば、このファイル名にはまだドイツ語の文字は表示されません。

ll Downloads/Fila\ Martin\ *

-rwxrwxrwx 2 root root 180K 2021-Dec-23 'Downloads/Fila Martin - KÃ_¼ndigung.pdf'

詳細な説明：

\ls -l Fila\ Martin\ -\ KÃ_¼ndigung.pdf | hexdump -C
00000000  2d 72 77 78 72 77 78 72  77 78 20 32 20 72 6f 6f  |-rwxrwxrwx 2 roo|
00000010  74 20 72 6f 6f 74 20 31  38 33 35 31 36 20 44 65  |t root 183516 De|
00000020  63 20 32 33 20 20 32 30  32 31 20 46 69 6c 61 20  |c 23  2021 Fila |
00000030  4d 61 72 74 69 6e 20 2d  20 4b c3 83 5f c3 82 c2  |Martin - K.._...|
00000040  bc 6e 64 69 67 75 6e 67  2e 70 64 66 0a           |.ndigung.pdf.|
0000004d

そして

locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8
LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ALL=

このリソースは良いかもしれませんが、Unicodeを理解していないので、私の範囲を超えています。 https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch08.en.html

AB私を助けようとしましたが、何らかの理由で動作しませんでした。

内容ではなくファイル名です。 Kündigungでさえ、2番目の部分が間違った二重エンコーディングと一致しないので、以前のコメントを削除しました（notが与えられた場合は1つの結果が得echo -n ü | iconv -f iso-8859-1 | xxd -pられます。そうです。c383c2bcc382c2bc¼iso-8859-15¼

最後に考えられる情報は、NTFS SATAディスクパーティションをマウントする方法です。

mount /dev/sdX4 /mnt/something/

ご覧のとおり、追加のスイッチを指定せず、不要な引数も渡しませんでした。

Linux Mint 21.1 VeraはこのDebianサーバーに接続しています。