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Vertically align an image inside a div with responsive height Ask Question

tag-icon • tag-icon html css responsive-design vertical-alignment
Vertically align an image inside a div with responsive height Ask Question

I have the following code which sets up a container which has a height that changes with the width when the browser is re-sized (to maintain a square aspect ratio).

HTML

<div class="responsive-container">
    <div class="dummy"></div>
    <div class="img-container">
        <IMG HERE>
    </div>
</div>

CSS

.responsive-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid black;
}

.dummy {
    padding-top: 100%; /* forces 1:1 aspect ratio */
}

.img-container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
}

How can I vertically align the IMG inside the container? All my images have variable heights and the container can't have a fixed height/line height because it's responsive... Please help!

ベストアンサー1

Here is a technique to align inline elements inside a parent, horizontally and vertically at the same time:

Vertical Alignment

1) In this approach, we create an inline-block (pseudo-)element as the first (or last) child of the parent, and set its height property to 100% to take all the height of its parent.

2) Also, adding vertical-align: middle keeps the inline(-block) elements at the middle of the line space. So, we add that CSS declaration to the first-child and our element (the image) both.

3) Finally, in order to remove the white space character between inline(-block) elements, we could set the font size of the parent to zero by font-size: 0;.

Note: I used Nicolas Gallagher's image replacement technique in the following.

What are the benefits?

  • The container (parent) can have dynamic dimensions.

  • There's no need to specify the dimensions of the image element explicitly.

  • We can easily use this approach to align a <div> element vertically as well; which may have a dynamic content (height and/or width). But note that you have to re-set the font-size property of the div to display the inside text. Online Demo.

<div class="container">
    <div id="element"> ... </div>
</div>

.container {
    height: 300px;
    text-align: center;  /* align the inline(-block) elements horizontally */
    font: 0/0 a;         /* remove the gap between inline(-block) elements */
}

.container:before {    /* create a full-height inline block pseudo=element */
    content: ' ';
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;  /* vertical alignment of the inline element */
    height: 100%;
}

#element {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;  /* vertical alignment of the inline element */
    font: 16px/1 Arial sans-serif;        /* <-- reset the font property */
}

The output

コンテナ内の要素を垂直に揃える

Responsive Container

This section is not going to answer the question as the OP already knows how to create a responsive container. However, I'll explain how it works.

In order to make the height of a container element changes with its width (respecting the aspect ratio), we could use a percentage value for top/bottom padding property.

A percentage value on top/bottom padding or margins is relative to the width of the containing block.

For instance:

.responsive-container {
  width: 60%;

  padding-top: 60%;    /* 1:1 Height is the same as the width */
  padding-top: 100%;   /* width:height = 60:100 or 3:5        */
  padding-top: 45%;    /* = 60% * 3/4 , width:height =  4:3   */
  padding-top: 33.75%; /* = 60% * 9/16, width:height = 16:9   */
}

Here is the Online Demo. Comment out the lines from the bottom and resize the panel to see the effect.

Also, we could apply the padding property to a dummy child or :before/:after pseudo-element to achieve the same result. But note that in this case, the percentage value on padding is relative to the widthそれ.responsive-container自体の。

<div class="responsive-container">
  <div class="dummy"></div>
</div>

.responsive-container { width: 60%; }

.responsive-container .dummy {
  padding-top: 100%;    /*  1:1 square */
  padding-top: 75%;     /*  w:h =  4:3 */
  padding-top: 56.25%;  /*  w:h = 16:9 */
}

デモ #1。
デモ #2 （:after疑似要素を使用）

コンテンツの追加

padding-topプロパティの使用巨大なスペースを生み出すコンテンツの上部または下部、容器。

これを修正するために、コンテンツをラッパー要素で囲み、その要素をドキュメントの通常フローから削除します。絶対位置そして最後に、ラッパーを（、、プロパティを使用して）top親のスペース全体を埋めるように拡張します。rightbottomleft容器。

さぁ行こう：

.responsive-container {
  width: 60%;
  position: relative;
}

.responsive-container .wrapper {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0;
}

こちらはオンラインデモ。

みんなで集まる

<div class="responsive-container">
  <div class="dummy"></div>

  <div class="img-container">
    <img src="http://placehold.it/150x150" alt="">
  </div>
</div>

.img-container {
  text-align:center; /* Align center inline elements */
  font: 0/0 a;       /* Hide the characters like spaces */
}

.img-container:before {
  content: ' ';
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  height: 100%;
}

.img-container img {
  vertical-align: middle;
  display: inline-block;
}

こちらは動作デモ。

明らかに、::before疑似要素の使用を避けることができますブラウザの互換性の最初の子として要素を作成します.img-container。

<div class="img-container">
    <div class="centerer"></div>
    <img src="http://placehold.it/150x150" alt="">
</div>

.img-container .centerer {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  height: 100%;
}

更新されたデモ。

max-*プロパティの使用

幅を狭めたボックス内に画像を保持するには、画像にプロパティをmax-height設定します。max-width

.img-container img {
    vertical-align: middle;
    display: inline-block;
    max-height: 100%;  /* <-- Set maximum height to 100% of its parent */
    max-width: 100%;   /* <-- Set maximum width to 100% of its parent */
}

こちらは更新されたデモ。

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