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AppleScriptでコンソールにオブジェクトを記録する方法 質問する

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AppleScriptでコンソールにオブジェクトを記録する方法 質問する

私は AppleScript の存続期間中、オブジェクトの状態をログに記録しようとしているだけです。他の言語では、オブジェクトの toString() メソッドがテキストと同等のものをレンダリングするので、それを使用できます。AppleScript では、そうではないようです。

convert applescript object to string (similar to toString)

ファインダー オブジェクト (およびそのプロパティ) が AppleScript エディタの「結果」ウィンドウに出力されますが、それが実行される最後のステートメントである場合のみです。

trace() ステートメント（ログ記録の目的でメッセージを受け取る）がある場合:

on trace(message)
do shell script "cat >>~/log/applescript.txt <<END_OF_THE_LOG
" & (message as text) & "
END_OF_THE_LOG"
end trace

同じオブジェクトをログに記録しようとすると、

Can’t make properties of application "Finder" into type text.

コンソールにログを記録するためのより良い方法を検討していますが、いずれにしても、スクリプトの途中でオブジェクトのプロパティを書き込む方法 (AppleScript エディタのように) を知りたいと思います。

ベストアンサー1

AppleScript では簡単ではありません:

  • log のみAppleScript エディタで実行中、またはosascript(その場合は) 経由で実行中にログに記録されます。アプリケーションがCocoa クラスstderrを使用してスクリプトを実行する場合など、他の場合には出力が失われます。NSAppleScript

  • log受け入れる1つ引数; は任意のオブジェクト型を受け入れますが、非組み込み型の有意義な表現を得るのは簡単ではありません。log meたとえば、スクリプト自体の情報を取得しようとします。log (get properties of <someObj>)有意義な情報を得るためには、頻繁に使用する必要があります。面倒な構文が必要であることに注意してください。これは、通常、 を使用するだけでは、log properties of <someObj>単に次の内容を出力するだけだからです。参照フォームの名前指し示すプロパティの代わりに が出力されます (たとえば、log properties of me無駄に だけが出力されます(*properties*))。

  • 一般的に、AppleScriptでは、非組み込み型のオブジェクトの意味のあるテキスト表現を取得するのが非常に困難です。<someObj> as text（以下と同じ<someObj> as string：）面倒なことに休憩- このようなオブジェクトの場合、ランタイム エラーがスローされます。 を試してくださいme as text。

以下はこれらの問題に対処するヘルパーサブルーチン:

  • dlog()は、グローバル構成変数に基づいて、任意のオブジェクトの意味のあるテキスト表現を導出する機能と、複数のログ ターゲット (syslog やファイルを含む) に書き込む機能を組み合わせたサブルーチンです。
  • toString()(実質的には に埋め込まれているdlog()) は、任意のタイプの単一のオブジェクトを受け取り、そこから意味のあるテキスト表現を導出するサブルーチンです。

@1.61803 に感謝します。彼の回答は、さまざまなログ ターゲットを実装するためのヒントを提供しました。

例:

  # Setup: Log to syslog and a file in the home dir.
  #        Other targets supported: "log", "alert"
  #        Set to {} to suppress logging.
set DLOG_TARGETS to { "syslog", "~/as.log" } 
  # Log properties of the front window of frontmost application.
dlog(front window of application (path to frontmost application as text))
  # Log properties of own front window; note the *list* syntax for multiple args.
dlog({"my front window: ", front window})

  # Get properties of the running script as string.
toString(me) # ->, e.g.: [script name="sandbox"] {selection:insertion point after character 2475 of text of document "sandbox2.scpt", frontmost:true, class:application, name:"AppleScript Editor", version:"2.6"}

重要:

  • もしあなたが〜なら特定のアプリケーションのtell application ... end tellブロック内、 あなたdlogおよびtoString呼び出しの前にtell me to; 例:

    tell application "Finder" # sample `tell application` block
    # ...
    # Use `tell me to` so you can call dlog() from inside this block. 
    tell me to dlog({"front window: ", front window})
    # ...
end tell

詳細については、各サブルーチンの上にあるソース コードのコメントを参照してください。

dlog()ソースコード

    # Logs a text representation of the specified object or objects, which may be of any type, typically for debugging.
    # Works hard to find a meaningful text representation of each object.
    # SYNOPSIS
    #   dlog(anyObjOrListOfObjects)
    # USE EXAMPLES
    #   dlog("before")  # single object
    #     dlog({ "front window: ", front window }) # list of objects
    # SETUP
    #   At the top of your script, define global variable DLOG_TARGETS and set it to a *list* of targets (even if you only have 1 target).
    #     set DLOG_TARGETS to {} # must be a list with any combination of: "log", "syslog", "alert", <posixFilePath>
    #   An *empty* list means that logging should be *disabled*.
    #   If you specify a POSIX file path, the file will be *appended* to; variable references in the path
    #   are allowed, and as a courtesy the path may start with "~" to refer to your home dir.
    #   Caveat: while you can *remove* the variable definition to disable logging, you'll take an additional performance hit.
    # SETUP EXAMPLES
    #    For instance, to use both AppleScript's log command *and* display a GUI alert, use:
    #       set DLOG_TARGETS to { "log", "alert" }
    # Note: 
    #   - Since the subroutine is still called even when DLOG_TARGETS is an empty list, 
    #     you pay a performancy penalty for leaving dlog() calls in your code.
    #   - Unlike with the built-in log() method, you MUST use parentheses around the parameter.
    #   - To specify more than one object, pass a *list*. Note that while you could try to synthesize a single
    #     output string by concatenation yourself, you'd lose the benefit of this subroutine's ability to derive
    #     readable text representations even of objects that can't simply be converted with `as text`.
    on dlog(anyObjOrListOfObjects)
        global DLOG_TARGETS
        try
            if length of DLOG_TARGETS is 0 then return
        on error
            return
        end try
        # The following tries hard to derive a readable representation from the input object(s).
        if class of anyObjOrListOfObjects is not list then set anyObjOrListOfObjects to {anyObjOrListOfObjects}
        local lst, i, txt, errMsg, orgTids, oName, oId, prefix, logTarget, txtCombined, prefixTime, prefixDateTime
        set lst to {}
        repeat with anyObj in anyObjOrListOfObjects
            set txt to ""
            repeat with i from 1 to 2
                try
                    if i is 1 then
                        if class of anyObj is list then
                            set {orgTids, AppleScript's text item delimiters} to {AppleScript's text item delimiters, {", "}} # '
                            set txt to ("{" & anyObj as string) & "}"
                            set AppleScript's text item delimiters to orgTids # '
                        else
                            set txt to anyObj as string
                        end if
                    else
                        set txt to properties of anyObj as string
                    end if
                on error errMsg
                    # Trick for records and record-*like* objects:
                    # We exploit the fact that the error message contains the desired string representation of the record, so we extract it from there. This (still) works as of AS 2.3 (OS X 10.9).
                    try
                        set txt to do shell script "egrep -o '\\{.*\\}' <<< " & quoted form of errMsg
                    end try
                end try
                if txt is not "" then exit repeat
            end repeat
            set prefix to ""
            if class of anyObj is not in {text, integer, real, boolean, date, list, record} and anyObj is not missing value then
                set prefix to "[" & class of anyObj
                set oName to ""
                set oId to ""
                try
                    set oName to name of anyObj
                    if oName is not missing value then set prefix to prefix & " name=\"" & oName & "\""
                end try
                try
                    set oId to id of anyObj
                    if oId is not missing value then set prefix to prefix & " id=" & oId
                end try
                set prefix to prefix & "] "
                set txt to prefix & txt
            end if
            set lst to lst & txt
        end repeat
        set {orgTids, AppleScript's text item delimiters} to {AppleScript's text item delimiters, {" "}} # '
        set txtCombined to lst as string
        set prefixTime to "[" & time string of (current date) & "] "
        set prefixDateTime to "[" & short date string of (current date) & " " & text 2 thru -1 of prefixTime
        set AppleScript's text item delimiters to orgTids # '
        # Log the result to every target specified.
        repeat with logTarget in DLOG_TARGETS
            if contents of logTarget is "log" then
                log prefixTime & txtCombined
            else if contents of logTarget is "alert" then
                display alert prefixTime & txtCombined
            else if contents of logTarget is "syslog" then
                do shell script "logger -t " & quoted form of ("AS: " & (name of me)) & " " & quoted form of txtCombined
            else # assumed to be a POSIX file path to *append* to.
                set fpath to contents of logTarget
                if fpath starts with "~/" then set fpath to "$HOME/" & text 3 thru -1 of fpath
                do shell script "printf '%s\\n' " & quoted form of (prefixDateTime & txtCombined) & " >> \"" & fpath & "\""
            end if
        end repeat
    end dlog

toString()ソースコード

    # Converts the specified object - which may be of any type - into a string representation for logging/debugging.
    # Tries hard to find a readable representation - sadly, simple conversion with `as text` mostly doesn't work with non-primitive types.
    # An attempt is made to list the properties of non-primitive types (does not always work), and the result is prefixed with the type (class) name
    # and, if present, the object's name and ID.
    # EXAMPLE
    #       toString(path to desktop)  # -> "[alias] Macintosh HD:Users:mklement:Desktop:"
    # To test this subroutine and see the various representations, use the following:
    #   repeat with elem in {42, 3.14, "two", true, (current date), {"one", "two", "three"}, {one:1, two:"deux", three:false}, missing value, me,  path to desktop, front window of application (path to frontmost application as text)}
    #       log my toString(contents of elem)
    #   end repeat
    on toString(anyObj)
        local i, txt, errMsg, orgTids, oName, oId, prefix
        set txt to ""
        repeat with i from 1 to 2
            try
                if i is 1 then
                    if class of anyObj is list then
                        set {orgTids, AppleScript's text item delimiters} to {AppleScript's text item delimiters, {", "}}
                        set txt to ("{" & anyObj as string) & "}"
                        set AppleScript's text item delimiters to orgTids # '
                    else
                        set txt to anyObj as string
                    end if
                else
                    set txt to properties of anyObj as string
                end if
            on error errMsg
                # Trick for records and record-*like* objects:
                # We exploit the fact that the error message contains the desired string representation of the record, so we extract it from there. This (still) works as of AS 2.3 (OS X 10.9).
                try
                    set txt to do shell script "egrep -o '\\{.*\\}' <<< " & quoted form of errMsg
                end try
            end try
            if txt is not "" then exit repeat
        end repeat
        set prefix to ""
        if class of anyObj is not in {text, integer, real, boolean, date, list, record} and anyObj is not missing value then
            set prefix to "[" & class of anyObj
            set oName to ""
            set oId to ""
            try
                set oName to name of anyObj
                if oName is not missing value then set prefix to prefix & " name=\"" & oName & "\""
            end try
            try
                set oId to id of anyObj
                if oId is not missing value then set prefix to prefix & " id=" & oId
            end try
            set prefix to prefix & "] "
        end if
        return prefix & txt
    end toString

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