私は私が始めるフォーラムのためにホスティング会社から専用サーバーを購入し、ドライブはRAID 10ソフトウェアアレイの4 x 64GB SSDで構成されていました。
利用可能な合計スペースサイズは約128 GBであると予想しましたが、何らかの理由で110 GB未満しか確保されていません。
失われたスペースについてプロバイダに尋ね、彼らは単にソフトウェアRAIDの使用の制限のためだと言いましたが、多くの研究の終わりにこれを裏付けるものを見つけることができませんでした。
システムはCentOS 6.6 kernel 2.6.32-042stab108.2
以下はサーバーのデータです。
4つのディスクはすべてディスク上にRAID 10アレイを作成するために使用され、ソフトウェアRAIDとハードウェアRAIDに使用可能な合計スペースは異なる場合があります。以下でディスクとRAIDの状態を確認できます。
[root@ ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid10] [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2] sdb2[1] sda2[0]
511936 blocks super 1.0 [4/4] [UUUU]
md2 : active raid10 sda3[0] sdc3[2] sdd3[3] sdb3[1]
89231360 blocks super 1.1 512K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md1 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdd1[3] sdb1[1] sda1[0]
16375808 blocks super 1.1 [4/4] [UUUU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 63.0 GB, 63023063040 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7662 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0002023a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 2040 16384000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda2 * 2040 2104 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda3 2104 7663 44648448 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdc: 63.0 GB, 63023063040 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7662 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0004f2ab
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 2040 16384000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc2 * 2040 2104 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc3 2104 7663 44648448 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 63.0 GB, 63023063040 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7662 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000369e8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2040 16384000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb2 * 2040 2104 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb3 2104 7663 44648448 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdd: 63.0 GB, 63023063040 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7662 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00069960
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 2040 16384000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd2 * 2040 2104 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd3 2104 7663 44648448 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md1: 16.8 GB, 16768827392 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 4093952 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/md2: 91.4 GB, 91372912640 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 22307840 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/md0: 524 MB, 524222464 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 127984 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
***** @frostschutzからのリクエストに応じた新しいデータ*****
[root@host ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md*
mdadm: /dev/md does not appear to be an md device
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.0
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:44 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 511936 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Used Dev Size : 511936 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : host.domain.com:0 (local to host host.domain.com)
UUID : f9e0a41c:2c27ffe7:146a6a71:6bc894fe
Events : 28
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2
1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2
2 8 34 2 active sync /dev/sdc2
3 8 50 3 active sync /dev/sdd2
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.1
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 16375808 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Used Dev Size : 16375808 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : host.domain.com:1 (local to host host.domain.com)
UUID : ae2e2e67:dd9728e7:2d290b6f:78ecec69
Events : 19
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1
1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1
2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1
3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.1
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 89231360 (85.10 GiB 91.37 GB)
Used Dev Size : 44615680 (42.55 GiB 45.69 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Intent Bitmap : Internal
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 22:04:51 2015
State : active
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : host.domain.com:2 (local to host host.domain.com)
UUID : 61d27050:e5608a68:84646e94:aa6d0d0c
Events : 96
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 3 0 active sync set-A /dev/sda3
1 8 19 1 active sync set-B /dev/sdb3
2 8 35 2 active sync set-A /dev/sdc3
3 8 51 3 active sync set-B /dev/sdd3
***** @frostschultzの2番目のリクエスト*****
[root@host ~]# mdadm --examine /dev/sd*
/dev/sda:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 32768000 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
Partition[1] : 1024000 sectors at 32770048 (type fd)
Partition[2] : 89296896 sectors at 33794048 (type fd)
/dev/sda1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : ae2e2e67:dd9728e7:2d290b6f:78ecec69
Name : host.domain.com:1 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 32751616 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Array Size : 16375808 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Data Offset : 16384 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=16304 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 942ee69a:8ab0df94:d35c9128:8bfb7655
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 48294779 - correct
Events : 19
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sda2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : f9e0a41c:2c27ffe7:146a6a71:6bc894fe
Name : host.domain.com:0 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:44 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 1023968 (500.07 MiB 524.27 MB)
Array Size : 511936 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1023872 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Super Offset : 1023984 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=104 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : f1c6b25d:693eee98:2addb450:2aeb5c37
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : 62a85b35 - correct
Events : 28
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sda3:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 61d27050:e5608a68:84646e94:aa6d0d0c
Name : host.domain.com:2 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid10
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 89231360 (42.55 GiB 45.69 GB)
Array Size : 89231360 (85.10 GiB 91.37 GB)
Data Offset : 65536 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=65456 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : ba051f9d:ad1c1656:7fdc5bf1:397728fc
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 22:25:13 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : b3fae8fc - correct
Events : 96
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdb:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 32768000 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
Partition[1] : 1024000 sectors at 32770048 (type fd)
Partition[2] : 89296896 sectors at 33794048 (type fd)
/dev/sdb1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : ae2e2e67:dd9728e7:2d290b6f:78ecec69
Name : host.domain.com:1 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 32751616 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Array Size : 16375808 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Data Offset : 16384 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=16304 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 8dd698b4:c8ad9ac0:a92fa8b1:be01b26c
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 2de8c5bb - correct
Events : 19
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdb2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : f9e0a41c:2c27ffe7:146a6a71:6bc894fe
Name : host.domain.com:0 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:44 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 1023968 (500.07 MiB 524.27 MB)
Array Size : 511936 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1023872 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Super Offset : 1023984 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=104 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : fe45fa24:a9b1b2e1:357894ce:0a25ae78
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : 31e5226f - correct
Events : 28
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdb3:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 61d27050:e5608a68:84646e94:aa6d0d0c
Name : host.domain.com:2 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid10
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 89231360 (42.55 GiB 45.69 GB)
Array Size : 89231360 (85.10 GiB 91.37 GB)
Data Offset : 65536 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=65456 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 3dc3c3bb:7d46da83:6bcffa25:71fb51e3
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 22:25:13 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 1c2c4774 - correct
Events : 96
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdc:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 32768000 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
Partition[1] : 1024000 sectors at 32770048 (type fd)
Partition[2] : 89296896 sectors at 33794048 (type fd)
/dev/sdc1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : ae2e2e67:dd9728e7:2d290b6f:78ecec69
Name : host.domain.com:1 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 32751616 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Array Size : 16375808 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Data Offset : 16384 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=16304 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 970f9254:c1498c69:ae75f67a:499e294e
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 21997d4e - correct
Events : 19
Device Role : Active device 2
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdc2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : f9e0a41c:2c27ffe7:146a6a71:6bc894fe
Name : host.domain.com:0 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:44 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 1023968 (500.07 MiB 524.27 MB)
Array Size : 511936 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1023872 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Super Offset : 1023984 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=104 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 1b64b17c:6b32f75a:2ea5e242:7fe886e8
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : e707b1bc - correct
Events : 28
Device Role : Active device 2
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdc3:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 61d27050:e5608a68:84646e94:aa6d0d0c
Name : host.domain.com:2 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid10
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 89231360 (42.55 GiB 45.69 GB)
Array Size : 89231360 (85.10 GiB 91.37 GB)
Data Offset : 65536 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=65456 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 9d2d00a0:54582922:b6ff7c9f:d7a72861
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 22:25:13 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 9610a05c - correct
Events : 96
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 2
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdd:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 32768000 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
Partition[1] : 1024000 sectors at 32770048 (type fd)
Partition[2] : 89296896 sectors at 33794048 (type fd)
/dev/sdd1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : ae2e2e67:dd9728e7:2d290b6f:78ecec69
Name : host.domain.com:1 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 32751616 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Array Size : 16375808 (15.62 GiB 16.77 GB)
Data Offset : 16384 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=16304 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 094af00a:40bf3096:d675d62d:4f77b847
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : b10b066d - correct
Events : 19
Device Role : Active device 3
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdd2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : f9e0a41c:2c27ffe7:146a6a71:6bc894fe
Name : host.domain.com:0 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:44 2015
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 1023968 (500.07 MiB 524.27 MB)
Array Size : 511936 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1023872 (500.02 MiB 524.22 MB)
Super Offset : 1023984 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=104 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : b7c19d19:a8b7ca21:23c9259b:0ecaaa2f
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 07:19:42 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : ea2e9a19 - correct
Events : 28
Device Role : Active device 3
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdd3:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.1
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 61d27050:e5608a68:84646e94:aa6d0d0c
Name : host.domain.com:2 (local to host host.domain.com)
Creation Time : Fri Jun 5 05:05:32 2015
Raid Level : raid10
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 89231360 (42.55 GiB 45.69 GB)
Array Size : 89231360 (85.10 GiB 91.37 GB)
Data Offset : 65536 sectors
Super Offset : 0 sectors
Unused Space : before=65456 sectors, after=0 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 25151df4:f0c22a6f:fa9d3e43:d40295dd
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Sat Jun 6 22:25:13 2015
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 575cebc3 - correct
Events : 96
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 3
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
[root@host ~]#
*****フィードバック後に更新されました追加フィードバック：*****
システムの再実行（私は新しいボックスで最初から始める人です）
**Option 1)**
Boot : 512 MB on 4 drives in RAID 10 : 1GB
Swap : 8 GB on 4 drives in RAID 10 : 16 GB
/ : ~54 GB on 4 drives in RAID 10 : ~108 GB
**Option 2)**
Boot : 256 MB on 4 drives in RAID 10 : 512 MB
Swap : 8 GB on 4 drives in RAID 10 : 16 GB
/ : ~55 GB on 4 drives in RAID 10 : ~110 GB
残りの質問は、オプション2が十分なのか、それとも保守的で安全のためにオプション1を選択する必要があるのでしょうか。
ベストアンサー1
ドライブがRAID10デバイスとして完全に設定されていません。 4つのドライブのそれぞれは3つのパーティションに分かれており、そのうちの1つは約16.8GBを含みます（私は市ここではGB）、1つは524MB、もう1つは45.7GBです。
この4つの16.8 GBパーティションセットはmd116.8 GBのRAID 1デバイスに組み込まれています（md1: active raid1; 4つのパーティションがすべてミラー化されるため、総容量は単一パーティションの容量です）。 4つの524MBパーティションセットは、md0512MB RAID1デバイスで構成されています。最後に、この45.7GBセットはmd291.4GB RAID10デバイスに組み立てられました。
したがって、総容量は91.4 + 0.5 + 16.8 = 108.7 GBであり、すべてがRAID 10デバイスに設定されている場合は予想される126 GBではありません。
4つのデバイスを持つRAID 1はRAID 10に変換でき、mdadmこれは間接的にサポートされています（例：フロストスーツ）：RAID1アレイをRAID0アレイに「拡大」してから、RAID0アレイをRAID10アレイに拡張できます。 （マンページの「成長モード」セクションを参照してくださいmdadm(8)。）2つのRAID1アレイをRAID10アレイに変換する場合、最終総容量は91.4 + 0.5 * 2 + 16.8 * 2 = 91.4 + 1 + 33.6 = 126 GBになります。
あなたのオプションからオプション1のバリエーションを選択します。
- ブート：512MB、RAID 1のドライブ4個：512MB
- スワップ：RAID 10のドライブ4台に8GB：16GB
- /：RAID 10の4つのドライブで〜54GB：〜108GB
これは、RAID10（または使用しているブートローダが何であるか）がどれほどうまくサポートされているかわからず、grubRAID1パーティションをサポートせずにすぐに使用できるためですmd。